Bladder infections, commonly referred to as urinary tract infections (UTIs) are uncomfortable and often distressing conditions that affect hundreds of thousands of people each year. In fact, according to the Kidney Foundation of Canada, Canadian women make about 500,000 doctor visits a year for UTIs.
Imagine feeling a constant urge to urinate, even when your bladder is empty, or experiencing a burning sensation every time you do manage to go. These are just a couple of the classic symptoms that can disrupt daily life and cause significant discomfort.
Understanding the signs, causes, and treatments for bladder infections is essential for managing and preventing this common health issue.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll examine the key symptoms of bladder infections, explore their causes, and offer practical treatment and prevention tips.
Whether you’re currently experiencing symptoms of a bladder infection or simply want to be informed, this article will provide the knowledge you need.
What Is Bladder Infection (And What Is Urinary Tract Infection – UTI)?
Bladder infections, a subset of urinary tract infections (UTIs), occur when bacteria invade the bladder and cause inflammation.
UTIs can affect any part of the urinary system, but bladder infections (cystitis) are among the most common. They can cause significant discomfort and, if untreated, lead to more serious health issues such as kidney infections.
Risk Factors of Bladder Infections
Several risk factors increase the likelihood of developing a bladder infection. Women are particularly susceptible due to anatomical differences.
As explained by the MyHealth.Alberta.ca Network, the female urethra is shorter and closer to the anus, making it easier for germs to enter the bladder.
Furthermore, sexual activity can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, and certain birth control methods, like diaphragms and spermicides, can increase risk, while postmenopausal women face a higher risk due to changes in the urinary tract.
Men with prostate issues, individuals with urinary catheters, and those with weakened immune systems also have an increased risk of bladder infections.
6 Common Symptoms of Bladder Infections
Identifying the symptoms of a bladder infection early can lead to prompt treatment and prevent complications, so knowing what to watch for is imperative.
Here are the top six signs of bladder infections:
1. Frequent Urge to Urinate (Even if the Bladder Is Empty)
A persistent, urgent need to urinate, often with little result, is a hallmark of bladder infections. This frequent urge can be frustrating and disruptive, as it may keep you rushing to the bathroom throughout the day and night.
2. Painful or Burning Feeling During Urination
A burning sensation during urination is another classic symptom. This pain occurs as the inflamed bladder and urethra become irritated by the act of urinating. It can range from mild discomfort to severe pain.
3. Cloudy or Strong-Smelling Urine
Bladder infections can cause noticeable changes in urine. You might observe that your urine appears cloudy or has a strong, unpleasant odour. These changes are often due to the presence of bacteria and white blood cells fighting the infection.
4. Blood in the Urine
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is a concerning symptom that should never be ignored. It can range from light pink to deep red and indicates significant irritation and inflammation in the urinary tract.
If you notice any signs of blood in your urine, see your healthcare practitioner right away.
5. Pain or Pressure in the Lower Abdomen
Many people with bladder infections experience pain or a sense of pressure in the lower abdomen, just above the pubic bone. This discomfort can be persistent and vary in intensity, sometimes mistaken for menstrual cramps or other abdominal issues.
6. Low-Grade Fever
A slight fever can accompany a bladder infection, signalling that your body is fighting an infection. While not always present, a fever can be a sign that the infection is spreading or becoming more severe.
Bladder Infection Causes – 5 Things That Can Cause It
Understanding the causes of bladder infections can help in preventing them. Here are some common causes:
Common Bacteria – Escherichia coli (E. coli)
- coli is the primary culprit behind most bladder infections. These bacteria normally live in the intestines but can enter the urinary tract, especially in women, leading to infection.
The bacteria can travel from the anal region to the urethra and into the bladder, particularly after sexual activity or improper wiping habits.
Once in the bladder, E. coli can multiply rapidly, causing inflammation and symptoms of a bladder infection. Preventing the spread of E. coli involves maintaining good personal hygiene, proper wiping techniques, and urinating after intercourse.
Menopause
Postmenopausal women are at higher risk of bladder infections due to hormonal changes that affect the urinary tract. As estrogen levels decrease, the tissues of the urinary tract become thinner and less elastic, which can make them more vulnerable to infections.
Additionally, the natural flora of the vagina changes, reducing the presence of beneficial bacteria that help keep harmful bacteria in check.
Women going through menopause should consider discussing hormone replacement therapy or other treatments with their healthcare provider to mitigate these risks.
Constipation
Chronic constipation can increase the risk of bladder infections. Difficulty in emptying the bowels can put pressure on the urinary tract, leading to incomplete bladder emptying and an increased likelihood of bacterial growth.
When the bladder is not fully emptied, residual urine can become a breeding ground for bacteria. To prevent this, maintaining regular bowel movements through a high-fiber diet, adequate hydration, and physical activity is crucial.
Addressing underlying causes of constipation with the help of a healthcare provider can also reduce the risk of bladder infections.
Using a Catheter
Individuals who use urinary catheters are at a higher risk for bladder infections. Catheters can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, and long-term use can lead to chronic infections.
The risk is particularly high because the catheter provides a direct pathway for bacteria to enter the bladder. Ensuring that catheters are used only when absolutely necessary, maintaining strict sterile techniques during insertion, and following proper catheter care protocols can help minimize this risk.
Multiple Sexual Partners
Having multiple sexual partners can increase the risk of bladder infections. Sexual activity can introduce new bacteria into the urinary tract, and inconsistent use of protection increases the likelihood of infection.
Different partners may carry different bacterial flora, which can challenge the body’s ability to fend off infections. Using condoms consistently, practicing good personal hygiene before and after sexual activity, and maintaining open communication with sexual partners about sexual health can significantly reduce the risk.
By understanding and addressing these causes, individuals can take proactive steps to reduce their risk of developing bladder infections. Preventative measures, coupled with early detection and treatment, are key to maintaining urinary health and preventing recurrent infections.
Bladder Infection Treatment and Antibiotics
Prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics is essential for clearing a bladder infection and preventing complications. Here are some commonly used antibiotics:
Nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin is often prescribed for uncomplicated bladder infections. It works by interfering with the bacteria’s ability to produce essential proteins, leading to their death. It is generally well-tolerated and effective.
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim
This combination antibiotic is another first-line treatment option. Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim works by inhibiting bacterial growth and replication.
However, some bacteria may be resistant, so it’s important to follow the prescribed treatment regimen.
Fosfomycin
Fosfomycin is a single-dose antibiotic that disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial death. It is convenient for those who have trouble adhering to longer antibiotic courses.
Alternative Treatments for Complex Cases
Ciprofloxacin or Amoxi Clav
These antibiotics are typically used when first-line treatments fail. Ciprofloxacin belongs to the fluoroquinolone class, while amoxi clav combines a penicillin antibiotic with a beta-lactamase inhibitor to overcome resistant bacteria.
In some provinces, uncomplicated UTIs are considered minor ailments that pharmacists can treat. Talk to your PharmaChoice pharmacist to learn more, or search by province to find out what minor ailments your pharmacist can treat.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
It’s important to seek medical advice if you experience any of the following symptoms, as they could indicate a more serious infection or complication:
- Fever: A high fever can be a sign that the infection is spreading to the kidneys. Seek medical attention if you experience a fever along with other UTI symptoms.
- Nausea and Vomiting: Nausea and vomiting, particularly when accompanied by back or side pain, can indicate a kidney infection. These symptoms require prompt medical evaluation.
- Back or Side Pain: Pain in the lower back or side, especially if it’s severe or accompanied by fever, can indicate a kidney infection. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience these symptoms.
Possible Complications of Bladder Infection
While bladder infections are usually straightforward to treat, complications can arise if left untreated:
Blood in the Urine (Hematuria):
Hematuria can indicate severe inflammation and infection in the urinary tract. While often treatable, persistent or severe hematuria requires medical evaluation to rule out more serious conditions.
Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis):
If a bladder infection spreads to the kidneys, it can lead to pyelonephritis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include high fever, back pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Tips to Prevent Bladder Infections
Preventing bladder infections involves lifestyle changes and good hygiene practices. Here are some effective prevention tips:
- Urinate Frequently (Don’t Hold It Too Long): Holding urine for extended periods can increase the risk of bacterial growth and infection. Make it a habit to urinate regularly and completely empty your bladder each time.
- Drink Plenty of Water: Staying hydrated helps flush bacteria out of your urinary tract. Aim to drink at least eight glasses of water a day to maintain urinary health.
- Practice Good Hygiene Habits: Good hygiene practices, such as wiping from front to back after using the toilet and cleaning the genital area daily, can reduce the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract.
- Consider Different Birth Control Options: Certain birth control methods, such as spermicides, are associated with an increased risk of UTIs. Consider alternative methods, like condoms or oral contraceptives, if you experience recurrent infections.
- Pee Before and After Having Intercourse: Urinating before and after sexual activity helps flush out bacteria that may have been introduced during intercourse. This simple step can significantly reduce the risk of infection.
- Take Showers Instead of Tub Baths: Taking showers instead of tub baths can prevent bacteria from entering the urinary tract. If you prefer baths, avoid using bubble baths or scented products that can irritate the urethra.
- Avoid Using Deodorant Sprays in the Genital Area: Deodorant sprays and douches can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and pH in the genital area, increasing the risk of infection. Stick to gentle, unscented products for personal hygiene.
Bladder Infection FAQs
Can a Bladder Infection Go Away on Its Own?
While some mild bladder infections may resolve without treatment, it is generally not recommended to wait. Untreated infections can lead to more serious complications, such as kidney infections. Antibiotic treatment is usually required to clear the infection and prevent complications.
Can Males Get Bladder Infections?
Yes, males can get bladder infections, although they are less common than in females. Men are more likely to develop bladder infections due to prostate problems or urinary catheter use. Symptoms in men are similar to those in women and require medical treatment.
Treat UTIs Fast – Talk to Your PharmaChoice Pharmacist Today
Bladder infections can be painful and disruptive, but understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatments can help manage and prevent them. By recognizing the signs early and seeking appropriate treatment, you can reduce the risk of complications and improve your quality of life.
At PharmaChoice, we are committed to providing you with the best healthcare advice and services. If you suspect you have a bladder infection or have any concerns about your urinary health, don’t hesitate to ask your healthcare provider at your closest PharmaChoice pharmacy. Get the right treatment and medications for bladder infection today!
