There are over 100 different types of cancer. It can affect almost any organ in the body. The most common forms of cancer in

In cancer of the bladder, certain harmful cells invade the bladder and destroy healthy cells, which cause the bladder not to function properly. The

Cervical cancer affects the cervix, which is a part of the female reproductive system. The cervix is the lowest portion of a women’s uterus

The esophagus is a muscular tube between the mouth and stomach. It’s about 25 cm to 35 cm (10 to 14 inches) long in an average

The larynx, also called the voice box or Adam’s apple, is the part of the body that allows humans to produce sounds and speech.

People with cancer often feel severe or constant pain. The pain they experience depends on the type of cancer they have, the stage the

Candidiasis, also called thrush or moniliasis, is a yeast infection. Candida albicans is an organism that normally makes a quiet home for itself on

Canker sores are small sores that appear on the inside of the mouth, especially the cheeks, the inside of the lips, and the tongue.

Carcinoid syndrome is a pattern of symptoms that occurs in people who have carcinoid tumours. The symptoms are caused by hormones and chemicals produced

Carotid artery disease, or carotid artery stenosis, refers to a narrowing within the carotid arteries that is usually caused by the buildup of plaque

Carpal tunnel syndrome is due to squeezing of the median nerve as it passes through the wrist to the hand. This nerve is contained

Cataracts are a condition where the lens (a part of the eye that focuses light) becomes cloudy. The lenses in the eyes are normally

Celiac disease is also called celiac sprue, non-tropical sprue, and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. It is a hereditary autoimmune condition in which a person has a

Cellulitis is a serious infection that spreads under the skin, affecting soft tissues such as the skin itself and the fat underneath it. Bacteria

Cerebral palsy is a name given to a group of different nervous system disorders that are present at birth or appear in the first

Chickenpox is a preventable illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It was very common before the varicella (chicken pox) vaccine was introducted. It is

Children are born with a natural immunity to certain infections. Antibodies pass through the mother’s placenta to the fetus before birth, protecting the baby

Chlamydia is the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Canada, affecting youths and young adults most often, with young women (15

Cholera is a bacterial infection of the small bowel that can cause severe diarrhea and dehydration. There have been seven great pandemics (worldwide epidemics)

Leukemia is a type of cancer of the bone marrow and blood. It was first discovered in the 19th century by European physicians, who

Everyone has experienced pain at some time or other. A cut, a sports injury, childbirth, surgery, or kidney stones all can produce varying degrees

Chronic renal failure, or chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a slow and progressive decline of kidney function. It’s usually a result of a complication

Congenital talipes equinovarus, commonly known as club foot, is a foot deformity in which the foot is twisted inward with the toes pointing down.

Cold sores, also known as fever blisters, are caused by a virus called herpes simplex. They usually appear around the mouth and on the

It’s appropriate that we should still call this condition by its medieval name “colic,” since we know about as much about its causes today

The colon is what we commonly call the last 6 feet of the intestines, which leads from the small intestine to the rectum. The

Colour blindness, also called colour vision deficiency, is a condition where the eyes have trouble distinguishing certain colours. Most affected people have either red

A concussion is a brain injury of such severity that it alters the way the brain functions for a short period of time. When

Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart isn’t able to pump blood normally. As a result, there is not enough blood flow to

Conjunctivitis, also known as “pink eye,” is a common eye condition. It’s an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that covers the white of

Constipation occurs when stool or waste material moves too slowly through the large intestine. Feces that stay in the bowel too long before elimination

It’s important for sexually active people to be aware of the different types of contraception available. Contraception has two primary roles. It prevents unwanted

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are together called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. This is a chronic condition, usually attributed to tobacco smoking, causing

Often simply called bypass surgery, this operation is extremely effective in relieving symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) and angina. It can relieve chest

Coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common type of heart disease, refers to the narrowing of arteries that supply blood to the heart due

COVID-19 is a newly identified infectious disease that first came to worldwide attention in December 2019, originating in Wuhan, China. Cases of COVID-19 infection

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a very rare, fatal disease that attacks the nervous system. There are two types of CJD: classical CJD and variant

Crohn’s disease is a chronic condition in which there is chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or “bowel.” It is one type of

If your child has a harsh and barking cough (which sounds a bit like a seal), hoarseness, runny nose, and a mild fever, they

Your skin is your body’s largest organ and plays a big role in keeping you healthy. It helps to regulate your body temperature and

Cyclothymic disorder, also called cyclothymia, is a type of mood disorder where people experience numerous periods of mood “highs” and “lows” that are unrelated

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited (genetic) disease in which excess mucus clogs the lungs, prevents food from being digested, and damages the reproductive